Of Human Bondage
Of Human Bondage , published in 1915, is one of W. Somerset Maugham’s most celebrated novels. Often described as autobiographical, it is a coming‑of‑age story about a young orphan burdened by a physical deformity and a deep sense of insecurity. Philip Carey is born with a clubfoot and loses both parents at an early age. Raised by his uncle and aunt, he grows up painfully aware of his deformity. At the divinity school he becomes the target of mockery, and the experience causes him to lose his religious faith. He studies in Germany for a time, then works as an apprentice accountant, but abandons the job after a year and moves to Paris to study art. Eventually he realizes he lacks real artistic talent and returns to London, deciding to follow in his father’s footsteps and become a doctor. One day he meets Mildred, a café waitress, and falls hopelessly in love with her. Mildred is calculating and self‑interested; she uses Philip whenever it suits her. His love for her is unrequited and ul...